Advanced Writing (Academic Essay)

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

A.    Findings

After analyzing the data, the writer found several conversational maxims and also some flouting maxims which are done by the students in the casual conversation. The result of the analysis divided in two categories, those could be seen as follows:

      1. The Result of Conversational Maxims
    The result of four conversational maxims could be seen in the table below.

Table 4.1

Conversational maxims appeared

No	Kinds of Maxim	Frequency
1	Maxim of Quality	13
2	Maxim of Quantity	16
3	Maxim of Relation	2
4	Maxim of Manner	1
Total		32

                
        2. The Result of Flouting Maxims

                  The flouting maxims of the casual conversation could be seen in the table below:

Table 4.2

Flouting maxims appeared

No	Kinds of Maxim	Frequency
1	Maxim of Quality	-
2	Maxim of Quantity	1
3	Maxim of Relation	2
4	Maxim of Manner	-
Total		3

Based on the data above, the first result (table 4.1) shows that the frequency maxim of quantity is the highest among the other maxims in the casual conversation. The maxims of quantity appeared 16 times, followed by maxim of quality with 13 times appeared, 2 times appeared for the maxim of relation and only 1 time for maxim of manner. The second result (table 4.2) shows that there were 3 kinds flouting maxims in the conversation. The flouting maxims that the speakers did were maxim of quantity (only 1 time) and maxim of quality (2 times). According to the result, it means that the speakers obey the rule of Gricean maxims. It also means that the conversation runs smoothly and both of the speakers understand what they uttered in the conversation. Although there is some flouting inside the conversation, it does not mean that there is some problem occur in the conversation.

B.     Discussion

The conversational maxims can be categorized into four categories. The first one was the maxim of quality (do not say what you believe to be false or that for which you lack evidence), the second one is maxim of quantity (say as much as but no more than is necessary), the third one is maxim of relation (be relevant), and the last one is maxim of manner (be clear, avoid ambiguity, be brief, be orderly).

Based on those categories, the writer shows some parts of the conversation that contains the maxims. These are the examples of conversational maxims which appeared and flouted in the casual conversation between two English students of graduate program.

 1. Maxim of quality (do not say what you believe to be false or that for which you lack evidence)

B	By the way, how did you spend your holiday last semester?
A	After we went to Jogja, I did nothing. Just stay at my hometown, spending time there.

A	And What will you after this?
B	Ummm… I think I want to go to Gramedia. I want to buy some books of linguistics likes pragmatic or discourse. But I will read them first in Gramedia.

       2. Maxim of quantity (say as much as but no more than is necessary)

A	After we went to Jogja, I did nothing. Just stay at my hometown, spending time there.
	And how ‘bout you?
B	Same here…

B	So, you are the first child, Alrina?
A	Yas, I should say aaa…yes.
B	Mmm…
A	I should say I am.

  
       3. Maxim of relation (be relevant)

A	Hi Kak… How are you?
B	Only my pet which is fine.

A	Swimming with Kak Tia. I love swimming. Do you want to come along?
B	What? Swimming? I am a stone in the water.

       4. Maxim of manner (be clear, avoid ambiguity, be brief, be orderly).

B	Uh um… how do you know about that kind of thing?  Do you love football, too?
A	I did, actually. Let me highlight the word did. Not too much right now. I have no friends who will accompany me to watch football match at night. Even though I want to do it so much. You know, in my boarding house, all of them are girls and when I want to watch it, there are no one who like football like me. So, I have….to…get back.
B	Uh um. And but, I think I will invite you to come with me. While having coffee in Indomaret point.
A	Really? If the match is not late at night, I will come next time for sure.